• Outline the importance of the feedback process to maintaining the quality of clinical radiology practice. (3-4 marks)

• Describe the importance of continuing professional development (CPD) to maintaining the quality of clinical radiology practice. (2-4 marks)

• Outline the clinical audit process. (2-4 marks)

• Outline the peer-review process and its important to maintaining the quality if clinical radiology practice. (2-4 marks)

• Define evidence-based practice as it relates to clinical radiology. (2 marks)

• Define and describe the levels of evidence as they relate to evidence-based practice. (2-4 marks)

• Outline the principles of defining levels of evidence. (2-4 marks)

• Outline the process of critically appraising a research paper. (2-4 marks)

• Describe how you would assess the validity of a research study, making reference to bias and the context of the research. (3-4 marks)

• Outline the value of evidence-based guidelines to clinical radiology practice, including the importance of revision. (2-4 marks)

• Discuss the key principles, advantages and disadvantages of randomised-controlled trials. (3-4 marks)

• Discuss the key principles, advantages and disadvantages of case-control studies. (3-4 marks)

• Define and compare blind and double blind studies. (2 marks)

• Compare a systematic review and a meta-analysis. (3-4 marks)

• Define quantitative research, giving an example of a study methodology related to clinical radiology. (2 marks)

• Define qualitative research, giving an example of a study methodology related to clinical radiology. (2 marks)

• Outline the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods. (2 marks)

• Define and explain the role of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in radiology research. (4 marks)

• Define a research hypothesis, giving an example. (1-2 marks)

• Define endpoint and outcome as it applies to radiology research. (2 marks)

• Define and compare incidence and prevalence as it relates to radiology research. (2-3 marks)

• Discuss the concept of bias as it relates to radiology research. (2-4 marks)

• Define and compared intention-to-treat and number needed to treat. (3 marks)

• Define a receiver operator curve, and describe how might it be utilised in radiology research. (3-4 marks)

• Discuss common statistical methods and tests and their application. (3-4 marks)

• Discuss levels of significance, types of errors and power calculations. (3-4 marks)

• List three outcome measures used in radiological research. (3 marks)

• You wish to study the complication rate for patients undergoing ultrasound guided liver biopsy at your institution. How would you design this study? (4 marks)

• You wish to study the attitudes of medical students to radiology education. How would you design this study? (4 marks)

• Outline the ethics process required for undertaking clinical radiology research. (2-3 marks)

• Describe the national standards for ethical research, considering their value in clinical radiology. (2-3 marks)

• Describe how you would create a research proposal for a radiology study. (3-4 marks)

• Outline how plagiarism can negatively impact evidence-based practice. (2-3 marks)

• Describe the importance of medical student imaging education to quality radiology practice. (2-4 marks)

• Describe the importance of junior doctor medical imaging education to quality radiology practice. (2-4 marks)

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Links and resources​

• Levels of evidence

• Glossary of clinical research terms

• Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (AJR)

• NHMRC National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research

• How to write a research proposal

• Plagiarism (AJR)

• Radiology education for medical students

• Medical imaging education for junior doctors